Learning objectives
- Identify the cause and the effect in a pair of events.
- Show how one event leads to a second and a third.
- Find cause-and-effect signal words in a text.
- Explain whether an event is a cause or an effect.
Students record three cause-and-effect pairs from any text, trace a three-step chain, and decide whether one event is a cause or an effect.
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With any story or article, students write three causes, each with an arrow to its effect, then show on a chain strip how one effect sets off the next event. They hunt their text for signal words such as because and so, and decide whether a chosen event is a cause or an effect. Page 2 models the whole organiser with a short text about a windstorm that knocks out power at a school, and a card of three tests for each row starts with reading it as "___, so ___."
Students often put the effect in the cause box when the text names the effect first. In the model text, "teachers rang hand bells" comes before "since the school bells were silent." Read that sentence together and ask which happened first.
Use the model's chain to show that an effect can become the next cause: the school losing power is the effect of the fallen branch and the cause of the cold lunch.
Before students use their own text, cover the model's boxes and have them fill the organiser from the windstorm text, then uncover it and compare.
Ways to adjust the cause-and-effect organiser for different readers.
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